Arkadi Akopov

he rural district of Khotorjur, located in the historical province of Taօ (in the basin of the Chorokh River), represents a distinctive example of a highland Armenian community with a unique socio-cultural and administrative structure. This study aims to examine the historical development, settlement patterns, demographic dynamics, and cultural features of Khotorjur, based on narrative sources, statistical data, and historical descriptions.

Historically, Khotorjur belonged to prominent noble houses, including the Mamikonians and Bagratids, and later became part of the Principality of Samtskhe. According to local traditions, the population was formed through successive migrations, including groups from Ani in the 13th century and later from Mush, Van, and Hamshen. By the early modern period, the region had developed into a compact Armenian settlement area with strong internal cohesion.

smaller settlements, complemented by an extensive system of seasonal pastures. Its mountainous terrain, described in detail by G. Inchichyan, contributed to both its relative isolation and the preservation of its distinct cultural identity. The spatial organization of the district followed a north–south axis along a gorge, with a natural defensive system concentrated at its narrow southern entrance.

Khotorjur exhibited a notable form of communal self-governance. The general assembly (Zhoghovayt) functioned as the highest authority, electing a spiritual and administrative leader (Metsavor), reflecting the millet-based structure of the Ottoman Empire. This system ensured a degree of autonomy and internal regulation within the community.

Demographic data from the 19th century indicate a relatively stable and sizable population, though discrepancies between sources (e.g., G. Alishan and G. Srvandztyan) suggest the need for critical evaluation. Economic conditions, particularly limited agricultural capacity, led to widespread labor migration, shaping the social and economic life of the population.

Khotorjur also played an important role in the wider regional context, maintaining cultural and economic interactions with neighboring Muslim communities. Despite processes of Islamization in surrounding areas, the district remained a center of Armenian religious and cultural life, including the presence of Armenian Catholics across its settlements.