An Episode from the History of the Tbilisi State Conservatory (Two Concepts of Two Conservatories) This report examines the founding of the Tbilisi State Conservatory and its early years in the 1920s. The topic is inspired by materials discovered in archival documents during work on the conservatory's centenary publication, which highlighted an unusual and little-known event in the history of our higher music school: the existence of the Second Conservatory in Tbilisi from 1921 to 1924. The primary aim of the study was to identify the limited information about the Second Conservatory scattered among documentary materials related to the conservatory's founding at that time, establish cause-and-effect relationships based on existing interpretations, and determine the most plausible version. The research methods are dictated by the specific nature of the topic and are based on qualitative and comparative historical analysis. The creation of the Georgian Conservatory occurred simultaneously with the establishment of the university, although the Conservatory preceded the university by a year and became the first higher education institution in the Caucasus. However, these higher education institutions followed different paths towards the same goals and ideals. The university was able to sustain itself through its own national resources. This was impossible for the Conservatory – at that time, Georgian professional musicians could be counted on the fingers of one hand. On one hand, the Conservatory was responsible for protecting national interests in musical culture; on the other, for raising the standard of musical education and making it as democratic as possible. The press of the time published articles lamenting the lack of a national repertoire at the Georgian Opera Studio, the neglect of the Georgian language in education, the Russification of the Conservatory, and similar issues. The report presents the dramatic history of the founding of the Tbilisi Conservatory with all the attendant obstacles, the opening and closure of the second conservatory, the reasons for their unification, the schism in the musical community, the role of Zakaria Paliashvili and Dimitri Arakishvili in this process, as well as the role of Ivane Javakhishvili, Shalva Nutsubidze, Akaki Shanidze, and Mikheil Zandukeli in the unification of the two Conservatories. The history of the two Conservatories in Tbilisi is presented in the context of the global problems of that era.